Objective To establish a multiplex real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex real-time qRT-PCR) method for rapid detection of nucleic acids of Alongshan virus (ALSV) and Songling virus (SGLV). Methods Specific primers and TaqMan probes were designed for the conserved regions of the NS 3 gene of ALSV and the S gene of SGLV. A multiplex real-time qRT-PCR method was established for the two viruses, and the specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability of the method were evaluated. Tick specimens were used to verify the method. Results The detection method had no cross-reactivity with six other arboviruses, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus, with a sensitivity up to 1×10 ¹ copies/μl, and the coefficient of variation of cycle threshold for repeatability testing was less than 2.00%. Through this method, two groups of ALSV-positive specimens and one group of SGLV-positive specimens were detected from 30 groups of tick specimens collected from Heilongjiang, China in 2019. This method was verified to be 100% consistent with the general PCR method in terms of test results. Conclusion In this study, a highly sensitive and highly specific multiplex real-time qRT-PCR method for rapid detection of ALSV and SGLV has been successfully established.

Objective To predict the density of Aedes albopictus in Songjiang district, Shanghai, China, using a seasonal trend model based on moving average method, and to provide a justification for mosquito control and dengue fever warning. Methods Using Microsoft Excel 2003, an equation was fitted to the monthly time series data of mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) of Ae. albopictus in Songjiang district, Shanghai, from 2014 to 2018 to establish a prediction model, and the model was used to predict the density trend of Ae. albopictus in 2019. Results The seasonal trend model based on moving average method had a relatively good fit with an average relative error of 12.82%; therefore, it could predict the changing trend and seasonal characteristics of Ae. albopictus density. In 2019, the density of Ae. albopictus in Songjiang district would generally be still high, with a single peak density in July; the MOI would be less than 5 in April, more than 5 from May to November and more than 10 from June to September. Conclusion By closely surveillance on the density of Ae. albopictus and taking account of the prediction results of the seasonal trend model, an early warning can be issued and mosquito prevention and control measures can be taken in time to reduce the risk of dengue fever epidemics.

Objective To investigate the current infection status of scrub typhus and the risk factors for scrub typhus in Changping district of Beijing, China, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control strategies of scrub typhus. Methods The residents from 8 towns in Changping district were randomly selected to conduct a seroepidemiological survey from October to December, 2017. The risk factors for scrub typhus were analyzed. Independent chi-square test, stratified chi-square test, and trend chi-square test were used to analyze the infection rate between groups. Results A total of 480 serum samples were tested in this survey, of which 55 were positive for scrub typhus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and the positive rate was 11.45%; there were significant differences in the positive rate between patients with different ages (χ²=57.712, P<0.001), education levels (χ²=35.257, P<0.001), and different occupations (χ²=17.222, P<0.001) and those in different regions (χ²=69.469, P<0.001). For farmers and serving officers, field work and walking or sitting on grass were risk factors for scrub typhus, respectively (odds ratio[OR]=3.03, 95% confidence interval[CI]:1.31-6.98; OR=3.18, 95%CI:1.07-9.46); spraying insect repellent and bathing or changing clothes after going out were protective factors, respectively (OR=0.45, 95%CI:0.21-0.98; OR=0.48, 95%CI:0.25-0.93). Conclusion The covert infection cases of scrub typhus are present in Changping district of Beijing, with significant population and regional differences, suggesting that it is necessary to strengthen surveillance, prevention, and control of scrub typhus and carry out further investigations.

Objective To investigate the community structure and seasonality of main vectors in Tangshan city in 2015, and to provide the scientific basis for vectors control and prevention of vector-borne diseases during the 2016 International Horticultural Exposition. Methods Light trap, cage trap,mouse trap and glue trap were used to catch mosquitoes, flies, rodents and cockroaches respectively in different urban and rural areas in Tangshan from January to December in 2015. Results The mosquitoes were mainly Culex pipiens pallens and Anopheles sinensis, the average density of mosquitoes was 2.65 per lamp hour, with the predominant species being Cx. pipiens pallens, which accounted for 99.42%. The flies were mainly Musca domestica, Lucilia sericata, Boettcherisca peregrina and Muscina stabulans. The average fly population density was 3.63 per cage, with the predominant species being B. peregrina, which accounted for 46.18%. The rodents were mainly Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, the average density of rodents was 0.32%, with the predominant species being R. norvegicus, which accounted for 52.17%. The cockroaches with the predominant species was Blattella germanica, the average density of cockroaches was 0.08 per sticky trap, and the infestation rates was 5.33%. Most mosquitoes and flies prevailed in May; the former became most active in July and the latter in June and September. Rats and cockroaches were observed throughout the year with relatively high density in May for rats and in July for cockroaches. Conclusion The community structure and seasonality of main vectors were preliminarily understood through monitoring to ensure the success of the 2016 World Horticultural Exposition and provide the basic information for vector-borne disease control and prevention.

Objective To observe the effect of adult cold storage on the longevity and reproductive capacity of female Nasonia vitripennis. Methods The female N. vitripennis emerged on different days were cold stored at 15 ℃ for different period. Their longevity, parasitic capacity and reproductive capacity were then measured. Results The longevity of female N. vitripennis was extended after cold storage at adult stage. However, as the cold storage time prolonged, the parasitic and reproductive capacities were compromised. At a cold storage time for less than 12 d, the impact on these capacities of female N. vitripennis was not remarkable. In contrast, after cold storage of over 12 d, the egg production and parasitic capacities declined linearly. After cold stored for 24 d, the parasitic ratio of Boettcherisca peregrina by N. vitripennis reduced to 35% from 85% before cold storage and the average emerging parasitoid progeny to 6 from 33 per fly pupa. However, the female adult rate and the body length of the progeny were not affected. Conclusion Adult cold storage extends the longevity of female N. vitripennis at the cost of reproductive capability.

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the influence factors in areas where rabies raged in Guizhou province, and provide the evidence for the establishment of focused intervention measure suitable for the rural areas. Methods A multistage sampling method was used in this study and all the data were analyzed by Excel 2003 after logging data with Epi Data. Results In recent years, the incidence of rabies in Zhenning county was very serious. The incidence rates of rabies in 2005 and 2006 were 6.16/10 thousand and 5.19/10 thousand respectively, which mainly caused by bite of dogs. Because of the large number of the dogs, the injury rate of the crowd was also higher. It was 6.47% in 2006, and there was significant difference between exposure rate of students （10.58%） and that of farmers （5.05%）（χ2＝36.57, P＜0.001）. About 31.40% exposed crowd were not done the medical treatment, and 35.41% exposed crowd without inoculation rabies vaccines, only 4.26% of Ⅲ° exposed crowd with rabies immunoglobulin. Villagers knew less about the knowledge of rabies prevention and control. Conclusion The main factors leading to the rage of rabies were large number of dogs, low immunization rate of the crowd, high exposure rate of the public and low treatment rate of exposed crowd in the investigated districts.